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In our verse-by-verse study of Romans last time we had a brief study on the doctrine of adjustment to God's justice based on our study of verse 17 that addresses the subject.
Rom 1:17; expanded translation: "For by the same gospel the justice of (belonging to) God is revealed from faith (adjustment at salvation) to doctrine (maturity adjustment after salvation): as it stands written, but the righteous (the vindicated ones aka believers advancing to maturity adjustment to God's justice) shall live by means of doctrine."
This brings us to verse 18 where the subject is inverted from adjustment to God's justice to maladjustment to God's justice.
Rom 1:18; this verse begins a discussion regarding maladjustment to God's justice starting with God's judgment on heathenism.
"For" or because is again translated from the postpositive conjunctive particle "gar," used that is used to introduce a reason for God's judgment of salvation maladjustment to God's justice in time, not in eternity because he lake of fire is God's judgment in eternity.
Remember Jesus Christ is the prison warden for the lake of fire and God's word tells us that and satan and all of his followers are incarcerated there forever.
This is why it is the reversionistic believer not the unbeliever who is the biggest loser in the world today in time because reversionistic believers get all of their judgment from God's justice during their life in time.
There is no judgment for the reversionistic believer in eternity. He has loss of reward at the judgment seat of Christ as he enters into eternity but there is no judgment after that.
But the unbeliever has judgment in time and judgment in eternity so for the unbeliever who rejects God's justice for salvation there is both temporal judgment and eternal judgment forever.
"The wrath of God" "Wrath is translated from the nominative singular of noun "orge" that is an Attic Greek word. "Orge" connotes moral anger that protects from evil. Demosthenes used it to describe what he called "dikaia orge" that is translated "righteous anger."
This justice is based on righteous indignation or righteous judgment. By itself the idea of "wrath of God" is incorrect because God does not get angry. Anger is an emotional sin and God does not sin and He does not have emotion so technically this an anthropopathism.
What it is describing is the execution of judgment from God's perfect righteousness against unrighteousness that is comprised of everything that does not adjust to His perfect justice.
It is the expression of God's punishment toward those who have chosen to be maladjusted to His justice. Then we have an ablative of source; "Theos" translated "God," indicating that the source for the judgment of the reversionistic unbeliever is God's justice.
For God to be perfect His justice has to eventually hammer heathenism. The absence of the definite article with "orge" makes it an anarthrous noun indicating the highest quality of punishment that that from the perspective of those being judged looks like "anger."
Remember it is God's justice that is the issue in the angelic conflict because satan alleges that God' s justice is unjust because God 's justice has condemned satan and his followers to the lake of fire forever.
The high quality is from the source of God's justice so a better translation is "for righteous anger from God's justice" not "for THE anger from God's justice." Other passages including Rom 5:9; do have "the anger" in the original.
None of the English translations I looked at translated it correct but you can see it for yourself if you compare the Nestle Alland GNT with the NASB or any other English translation.
"Is revealed" translated from present passive indicative of the compound verb apokalupto (apo means away from is combined with kalupto that means to veil or to hide) so the compound verb means the opposite so it means to stop being hidden or to be uncovered, to bring to light, to be revealed so a good translation is: "is being revealed."
The static present tense represents a situation that perpetually exists. God's righteous anger is always revealed toward maladjustment to His perfect justice. In this case it is addressing the unbeliever's maladjustment.
The passive voice: the wrath or righteous anger from God receives the action of the verb in every case of salvation maladjustment. The indicative mood is declarative representing the verbal action from the standpoint of a dogmatic unqualified statement of fact. "For righteous anger from God's justice is being revealed."
"From heaven;" judgment is made in the Supreme Court of heaven. The preposition "apo" plus the ablative of "ouranos", indicates that the Supreme Court is in heaven with Jesus Christ as its presiding judge.
"Against all ungodliness" translated from the preposition "epi" translated "from" plus the accusative feminine singular from the adjective "pas" translated "all" with it the noun "asebeia" (a that means "not" plus; sebeia, a verb that means to worship or have awe or respect).
Ungodliness or Godlessness is an act or thought, that disregards God and His Word of truth, is what is meant here by "asebeia." It is an act or thought of someone who is maladjusted to God's justice.
It is a technical term for the unbeliever in reversionism who is functioning in salvation maladjustment to God's justice. So it is a reference to heathenism, so we will translate it "against all heathenism" or "non-Godliness."
"And unrighteousness of men" translated from "epi" plus the accusative of "a " plus dikia (a is a negative; dikia is a reference to the righteousness of God's perfect justice. "
Against all anti-justice or unrighteousness of mankind." The possessive genitive plural from the noun anthropos translated "of men or mankind." Unrighteousness or anti-justice of mankind is salvation maladjustment to God's perfect justice.
"Who suppress the truth" translated from the genitive plural of description from the definite article "ho" used as an intensive pronoun. The antecedent is anthropos, the word "man," referring to "mankind." We can translate the definite article as "who," "those who," or "the ones."
The present active participle from the verb" katecho" that means to hold back, to hold down, to imprison, to check, to restrain, or to suppress. It is used here for the unbeliever rejecting Jesus Christ as savior.
This is salvation maladjustment to God's justice. The present tense is a customary present that denotes what habitually occurs with those who are negative at either God-consciousness or gospel hearing.
The active voice: the heathen unbelievers who have definitely said no are those maladjusted to God's justice by rejecting Jesus Christ for salvation, and they produce the action of suppression.
The participle is circumstantial for salvation maladjustment to God's justice that results in remaining in heathenism and therefore liable for punishment from God's justice.