https://youtu.be/ZfnIqeOy8MI
In our verse-by-verse study of Romans we finished Rom 2:5. Our expanded translation is "Because of your hardness and unrepentant heart, you store up and accumulate for yourself wrath against the day of wrath, even disclosure of just judgment from the God."
The words translated heart, hardness, unrepentant, and judgment in this verse brought up some categorical doctrines to look at and last time we almost finished the doctrine of judgment as it is presented in verse 5.
Last time we noted that at the last judgment no sins are mentioned because under the law of double jeopardy, a person can't be judged twice for the same offense, therefore no sins will be mentioned at the last judgment only the good deeds will be mentioned.
The unbeliever's good deeds will be the basis for their indictment and judgment. Everyone who is at the last judgment has rejected Christ as savior therefore they are under indictment. Having rejected Christ as savior they have rejected the cross. But their sins were judged at the cross.
All Human good was rejected at the cross and their human good was written in a book that is brought up before them to demonstrate that when all their human good added up it amounts to relative righteousness that cannot have fellowship with perfect righteousness.
If God accepts any relative righteousness into heaven He compromises His perfect righteousness God is no longer perfect, satan wins his appeal and there is no salvation for anyone.
The unbelievers stand there at the last judgment without God's perfect imputed righteousness they only have only their own good deeds that were performed in the energy of the old sin nature.
Their own self-righteousness is brought up, judged to be insufficient, and they are cast into the lake of fire for eternity, and God's righteousness is not compromised.
The eternal status of the unbeliever is described as being in the lake of fire. Matt 25:41; Rev 20:14,15. A second description of the unbeliever in eternity is the second death. Rev 20:14; and a third is "dying in your sins" John 8: 21a, 24.
This brings us back to our verse-by-verse study of Romans; where we will back up into verse 5 to get back into the stream.
Rom 2:5. Our expanded translation is "Because of your hardness and unrepentant heart, you store up and accumulate for yourself wrath against the day of wrath, even disclosure of just judgment from the God."
Rom 2:6; "Who" is the relative pronoun "hos" referring to the presiding judge of the supreme court of heaven, the Lord Jesus Christ, who will judge all unbelievers at the last judgment, John 5:22; Rev 20:12.
This verse is a quotation from Psalm 62:12; and Prov 24:12.
"will pay" is translated from the future active indicative from the verb "apodidomi," that means to pay back, to return, or to recompense. The verb refers to God's assessment of the unbeliever at the great white throne.
The future tense is a predictive future denoting something that will occur at a future time. The active voice tells us that Jesus Christ is the subject who produces the action of judging the unbeliever. The indicative mood expresses a declarative statement regarding the historical reality of the last judgment.
"to each" is a dative singular indirect object that refers to an advantage or a disadvantage from the adjective "ekastos", used here as a substantive and it means "to each" referring to each and every unbeliever.
In this case it refers to the huge disadvantage that it is to be an unbeliever. The adjective is used as the substantive specifically refers to the self-righteous unbeliever who because of their self-righteous arrogance is very confident that they will go to heaven because they have done very many good things in their life.
"according to his deeds" is the preposition "kata" plus the accusative plural of "ergon" that means works, deeds or production, plus the possessive genitive singular from the intensive pronoun "autos" referring to each individual.
God records every good deed produced by the unbeliever. They are all recorded in the books of good deeds, all of them are mentioned at the last judgment, all of them are examined thoroughly but all together they will still only add up to relative righteousness.
Therefore God's perfect righteousness tells God's justice to condemn to the lake of fire forever all of the accumulated human good along with the unbeliever who produced them.
Expanded Translation" Rom 2:6; "(Jesus Christ) who will render judgment to each one according to his works."
Note that sins are not mentioned in any of the passages that describe the last judgment. According to the doctrine of unlimited atonement all sins were judged in Jesus on at the cross so they are never mentioned.
Rom 2:7; "To them" "tois men"" Tois" is a plural indirect object from the definite article that is used as a demonstrative pronoun to emphasize those who adjust to God's justice at salvation through faith in Jesus Christ, emphasizing the basis of doctrinal principle.
The indirect object describes those for whom salvation is provided (the entire world).