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In our verse by verse study of Romans last time we completed Rom 3:21; with the Expanded Translation "But now apart from law the righteousness belonging to the integrity of God has been revealed, being confirmed by the law and the prophets."
We see from this that the doctrine contained in the Word of God is the manifestation, testimony and revelation of God's integrity. Bible Doctrine is the verbalization or the communication of God's integrity.
God never reveals anything unless it is available. If God reveals His integrity it means that it is our point of reference with God, and it also means that we can acquire His integrity.
We initially acquire it positionally when His perfect righteousness is imputed directly to us at the moment we believe in Jesus Christ (Rom 3:22;) and we acquire it experientially from capacity when His justice blesses us as we advance to spiritual maturity from our growing in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ (2Pet 3:18;)
Rom 3:22; describes the acquisition of God's righteousness through a relationship to God's justice. In normal relationships righteousness establishes a relationship with justice. It is important to understand that this is the opposite.
"Even righteousness of God" the conjunctive particle "de "that is used to insert an explanation is translated "That is." Then we have the nominative singular subject of "dikaiosune" that does not mean righteousness in the human sense in this situation it refers to (justice) the guardian of God's integrity.
God's justice is incorruptible because it is guarded by God's righteousness. God's justice is the guardian of God's entire essence. We have the subjective genitive singular of "theos" (God), indicating that we are dealing with a divine characteristic, in this case the perfect righteousness that belongs to God's perfect integrity.
The words translated "by faith of Jesus Christ" tell us how we initially come into contact with God's justice and thereby come under the blessing from God's integrity.
The word for faith is in a prepositional phrase, "dia" (by or through) plus the genitive of "pistis"(faith) translated (through faith). Plus the objective genitive of the two proper nouns referring to the second person of the Trinity, "Iesous Christos' (Jesus Christ) then the qualifier "eis pas o pisteuo" (for all who believe).
Expanded Translation so far Rom 3:22; "That is the righteousness which belongs to the integrity of God through faith in Jesus Christ for all who believe."
We enter into relationship with God's integrity at the moment of salvation adjustment to God's justice. Before we believe in Jesus Christ we are spiritually dead and have no relationship with God.
Then there is a short parenthesis that explains that all unbelievers, both Jew and Gentile with the law or without the law are alike because they are all spiritually dead. Whither Jew or Gentile spiritual death belongs to all of us simply by being born into the human race because of our position in Adam.
"for there is no difference" the explanatory use of the conjunctive particle "gar" (for). It can be translated "for" or "you see" or "for you see." Then we have the present active indicative of "eimi" (there is) plus the strong negative "ouk" (no).
The present tense is a static present for a condition that perpetually exists in the status quo of spiritual death. The active voice tells us that spiritual dead mankind produces the action.
The indicative mood with the negative indicates negative reality. All unbelievers are spiritually dead as a result they have no relationship with God. Followed by the predicate nominative singular from the noun "diastole" (difference or distinction).
It is used here to address the distinction between Jewish unbelievers with the Law and Gentile unbelievers without the Law. They are all maladjusted to God's justice so they are all spiritually dead so there is not difference between them. None of them have a relationship with God's integrity.
Expanded Translation Rom 3:22; "That is, the righteousness which belongs to the integrity of God through faith in Jesus Christ for all who believe: (for there is no distinction)"
Rom 3:23; describes why mankind need's God's "dikaiosune" (integrity). "For all have sinned" the particle "gar" translated (for or because) is used as an explanatory conjunction, plus the nominative masculine plural subject from the adjective "pas" (all), referring to the entire human race.
This is explaining that all members of the human race have an old sin nature at birth and that sin nature is expressed through personal sin. So we have an aorist active indicative of the verb "hamartano"(sin).
It means to miss the mark, to do wrong or to sin. The aorist tense is constantive so it contemplates the action of the verb in its entirety. It takes all of the sin of the human race from the time of the fall of Adam to the end of the Millennium and gathers it all up together into one bucket.
All members of the human race are born sinners. The active voice: the human race as the subject produces the action of the verb. The indicative mood is declarative representing the verbal action from the viewpoint of absolute dogmatic reality.
God has imputed Adam's original sin to the entire human race therefore the entire human race is born with an old sin nature that is expressed by personal sin.
"and come short of the glory of God)" - the connective "kai" (and) plus the present middle indicative of the verb "hustereo" that means to miss or to fail to reach, to be excluded from something, to come short of something, or to fall short.
The present tense is a static present that represents a condition that perpetually exists in the human race. The middle voice is the indirect middle emphasizing the agent (the human race) as producing the action of the verb rather than participating in the results of the action.
The objective genitive "doxa" (glory) refers to the essence or attributes of God, plus the possessive genitive of "theos" (God) possesses this glory. This finishes the parenthesis that started in the previous verse.
Expanded Translation Rom 3:23; for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God.
Verses 24-25 describe the mechanics of God's conveyance of God's "dikaiosune" to mankind.
Rom 3:24; "Being justified freely by his grace." The present passive participle of the verb "dikaioo" (means to treat as just, to justify, to vindicate, to make righteous, to validate).
The present tense is a static present for a condition that perpetually exists after salvation. The passive voice: the believer at the moment he believes in Jesus Christ as savior receives this action from God.
He permanently receives the imputation of God's perfect righteousness that is one half of God's "dikaiosune" (integrity).
The participle is circumstantial, qualifying the principle of salvation adjustment to the justice of God. The adverb "dorea" (gift) means something that is received gratuitously, without payment.
"o autos" (by His) the intensive possessive genitive singular pronoun "autos" (His) emphasizes the fact that God is the owner of His integrity. Then the instrumental of means "charis" (grace).
Expanded Translation so far: "Receiving justification without payment by his grace."