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In our verse by verse study of Romans we are in Rom 4:18; at the phrase "that he might become a father of many nations " "eis" (in): plus the accusative singular from the definite article "ho" (the) with the aorist active infinitive of "ginomai" (become).
In this phrase there has to be a definite article "ho" (the or that) with the infinitive to properly understand the meaning of the preposition "eis" (in).
The subject is the accusative singular of general reference from the intensive pronoun "autos" (he or him) that is used to define and emphasize a specific person and often provides a double emphasis by being used as a personal pronoun.
"Ginomai" (o become) is in the constantive aorist tense that looks at the action of the verb in its entirety. It takes Abraham's sexual prosperity with both Sarah and Keturah, and gathers it together into a single event.
In this case the best way to translate "eis" (in) is " that or in order that." Then the accusative of general reference" autos" (he) (Abraham) might become."
Again, the constantive aorist gathers into one entirety the years and years of great sexual prosperity that will occur after God' fulfills His promise that will result in children.
The active voice tells us that Abraham in spiritual maturity from metabolized doctrine produces the action of the verb in the status of sexual prosperity, first with Sarah and then Keturah because a total of seven sons were born as the result of his sexual prosperity from God's justice. Gen 21:5; Gen 25:2;
Rom 4:18; "Ginomai" (to become) is a purpose infinitive that is used to express the objective of the action of the finite verb "in order that or so that that he might become" is a good translation.
Plus the accusative singular direct object from "pater" (father) that means father, pattern, or ancestor. It means, "father" here but not just father in the sense of having children but also in the sense of receiving direct blessing from God.
This blessing from God to Abraham will become a blessing to the entire human race throughout human history and for eternity because Abraham's seed through Isaac is the gene pool for the seed of the woman, Jesus Christ who would be the savior of mankind.
Next is the objective genitive plural noun and adjective "polus ethnos" (many nations). Abraham's super-grace prosperity became the source of many nations, including Israel through Isaac, and the Arab nations through Keturah.
Next comes the quotation from Gen 15:5; that verifies the existence of a promise that can be claimed through the function of faith-rest: "according to that which had been spoken" "kata" (according) plus the accusative neuter singular from the definite article "ho" (that), plus "elpon" the perfect passive participle of "lego" (spoken).
"elpon," the perfect tense of "lego" (spoken), is a dramatic perfect that places emphasis on an existing state that is described as being unusual. Abraham must understand that the promise that is being fulfilled is based exclusively on God's integrity because only God can fulfill it.
That is where metabolized doctrine comes in. Abraham must use metabolized doctrine to perceive beyond his hopeless human circumstances to the fact that God's justice has never been unfair in any way because the promise was, is, and always has been available as a doctrinal reality for him the entire time, all that was needed was for Abraham to receive the capacity to receive the promise was to metabolize the doctrine and believe it and not doubt God's word.
This means that there was there never was a moment when there was a reason for him to be discouraged or disappointed. This is the rhetorical use of the intensive perfect. The passive voice tell us that Abraham received God's promise in Gen 15:5.
The participle is a complementary participle that is used to complete the action of the main verb "he believed according to what God had said."
The promise that was originally given in Genesis 12:2 before he left Ur was reconfirmed in Genesis 15:5 and reconfirmed again in Genesis 17:5. This is the principle of Rom 10:17;
Every time God restated the promise it was to encourage Abraham who was advancing toward spiritual maturity to keep on advancing, to never become self absorbed from disappointment, discouragement or self pity, and to keep his focus on God's integrity because that was the only issue.
The issue is always God who the source of all blessings not the blessing itself.
The same is true for us in whatever adverse situation we may be in. Just like Abraham we are to focus on the source of the blessing not the blessing itself because the certainty of God's blessing is based exclusively on God's integrity and God never fails to deliver.
The last phrase in the verse quoted from Gen 15:5; "So shall your descendants be" is the end of the quotation but it emphasizes all of it.
Rom 4:18; the quotation begins with the adverb "houtos"(so) that is used to refer to what precedes, so it can be translated as "so" or "therefore." The Nestle Aland GNT translates it "thustly."
Plus the nominative neuter singular subject with the definite article "ho" and the noun "sperma" (seed) making it monadic because it was Abraham's seed.
Next is the future active indicative from the verb "eimi" (to be). The future tense is a predictive future that describes the fact that the promise would be fulfilled in the future.
The active voice: when the promise of the progeny was fulfilled Abraham would produce the action of the verb, not only in the sex but also with maximum sexual prosperity.
The indicative mood is declarative representing the verbal idea from the viewpoint of reality, an unqualified assertion of a dogmatic fact describing God's faithfulness "your seed shall exist."
Expanded Translation Rom 4:18; "Who beyond hope of sexual prosperity believed in hope of fulfillment, in order that he might become the father of many nations, according to that which he had spoken, So your seed shall exist.
This verse explains that spiritual maturity is always challenged in the area of the reality of life. Reality is always challenged in life but especially to the believer who has attained maximum adjustment to God's justice.
The challenge to Abraham was what was more real to him Was his hopeless situation of sexual death more real or was the reality of God's veracity and integrity with God's righteousness as the principle and God's justice as the function more real to him.
Maximum doctrine resident in the soul makes the decision in favor of the reality of God's integrity more real than any hopeless situation.