https://youtu.be/KhUF9qxHUHw
In our verse-by-verse study of Romans today we begin with chapter 5. In verses 1-5 we will study the four results of justification and then under the term "much more" in verses 6-9 we will see the much more of justification followed by the much more of reconciliation in verses 10-12 and then a parenthetical of much mores in verse 13-17 and finish with the much more of grace in verses 18-21.
Rom 5:1; NET "Therefore since we have been declared righteous by faith" the postpositive conjunctive particle "oun" (therefore) that refers to a conclusion that was established in Romans chapters three and four.
Plus the aorist passive participle of "dikaioo" (we have been declared righteous) that means to make righteous or to justify or to vindicate.
The aorist tense is a constantive aorist that refers to the momentary action of salvation adjustment to God's justice that results in God's righteousness being imputed that is the predicate for justification and all other direct blessing from God.
All of this occurs in a moment of time. The passive voice tells us that the believer at the moment of faith in Christ receives the action of the verb, the imputation of God's righteousness that is recognized and acknowledged by God's justice.
Next is a preposition, "ek" (from or on the basis of) plus the ablative of means singular from "pistis" (faith)". The ablative is very important here.
The word "ek" usually means "from" because it normally takes on the ablative but there is also an instrumental ablative that is called the ablative of means.
The ablative of means is always used when the origin or the source is stated or implied. Here the origin or source of salvation is "pistis" (faith) in the singular so we have "from or by faith."
For salvation a person only has to believe once, for a moment of time in Jesus Christ.
In this prepositional phrase there is no definite article. This emphasizes the fact that only faith can save, this is the anarthrous or highest quality use of the noun that emphasizes the fact that there is no merit in faith and that the merit in faith resides exclusively in the object of faith.
The phrase "since we have been declared righteous by faith" is directly related Rom 4:25; where Jesus' finished work on the cross that made us righteous that is predicate for our salvation and for His resurrection salvation was discussed.
"peace we have with God" "eirene" (peace) in the sense of reconciliation as in Eph 2:14-17; is instantaneous and one of the 40 things we receive at salvation.
Rom 5:1; In the Greek "eirene" (peace) is the first word so it is emphasized because it comes first. It is the accusative singular direct object from the noun "eirenon" that can be translated "peace."
It means peace, but it also means harmony, health, welfare, and prosperity. The noun "eirenon" refers to a status quo, a condition or a condition of quiescence, tranquility, prosperity and harmony.
That is, the state of peace, a state of harmony, a state of prosperity, a state of health, a state of blessing. For the believer with doctrine even conditions of temporal adversity can be understood to be blessing and prosperity from God's justice just as Jesus displayed in Heb 12:2; is the idea we have here.
Rom 5:1; Our situation involves "peace," but we also" have prosperity, tranquility and security." Since we already have irrevocable eternal salvation it refers, to experiential prosperity and blessing from God while we are living in the adversity of the devil's world in time
Rome's "eirene" was security. The Latin "pax" is an equivalent word and it is "shalom" in the Hebrew.
Eph 2:14-17; describes the spiritual prosperity we have at the moment of salvation and in that case peace means reconciliation that refers to the removal of the sin barrier between God and man that also eliminates the sin that is the cause of enmity between different groups of people. This is why we have the unilateral mandate to forgive. Eph 4:32;
Rom 5:1; The verb translated "we have" in the NASB is the Greek verb "echomen" in the indicative mood but in some of the best Greek manuscripts it is written as "echwmen" that is in the subjunctive mood so it would be translated "let us have."
The difference depends on whether the original Greek word has an omicron or an omega. The difference is important because the omega forms the subjunctive mood and the omicron forms the indicative mood. See NET note 2